A Morphological Study of the Antonymous Compounds in Chinese: How the Word Class Changes and Why

The majority of Chinese words are compounds. Among compounds, there is a special kind of compounds. It is made up of two antonymous morphemes. The antonymous compounds undergo functional shift. In 40% percent of the cases, the compounds have different word classes from the morphemes. The thesis investigated how the functional shift happens and why it happens. Based on the critique of the definitions of antonymous compounds used in others’ studies, the thesis comes up with a broad definition. With the help of primary sources such as dictionaries, secondary sources, and the definition, the thesis collects 292 antonymous compounds. The thesis found that functional shift is common for nearly 40% of the compounds change their word classes. The changes in word class are both qualitative and quantitative. Adjective and verbal morphemes are more likely to cause word class when forming compounds. However, nominal morphemes tend to retain their word class. Some antonymous compounds also have more word classes than the morphemes. The thesis hypothesized that word class change is fundamentally determined by the parataxis in the Chinese language. Secondly, word class change is caused by the antonymous relation and metaphor and metonym. Finally, noun is more stable than adjectives and verbs and the conceptualization process of the compounds ends up being nouns

3 things you need to know about scholarships

Scholarships play a important role in student’s university life. It not only provides financial support, but also adds an honor to a student’s resume. UIUC provides a scholarship database where you can search by colleges and alphabets. Despite the existence of the searchable database, the information of scholarships has to been searched one by one. It will be difficult to capture the big pictures, which may help in navigate students through the large amount of opportunities This visualization collected 1249 scholarships from the UIUC scholarship database. It then looked into the big data and revealed three things that are important for future scholarship applicants: 1. when is the best time to apply for scholarships? 2. how important is GPA in scholarship application? 3. are scholarships fair?” Ope

A Morphological Study of the Antonymous Compounds in Chinese: How the Word Class Changes and Why

The majority of Chinese words are compounds. Among compounds, there is a special kind of compounds. It is made up of two antonymous morphemes. The antonymous compounds undergo functional shift. In 40% percent of the cases, the compounds have different word classes from the morphemes. The thesis investigated how the functional shift happens and why it happens. Based on the critique of the definitions of antonymous compounds used in others’ studies, the thesis comes up with a broad definition. With the help of primary sources such as dictionaries, secondary sources, and the definition, the thesis collects 292 antonymous compounds. The thesis found that functional shift is common for nearly 40% of the compounds change their word classes. The changes in word class are both qualitative and quantitative. Adjective and verbal morphemes are more likely to cause word class when forming compounds. However, nominal morphemes tend to retain their word class. Some antonymous compounds also have more word classes than the morphemes. The thesis hypothesized that word class change is fundamentally determined by the parataxis in the Chinese language. Secondly, word class change is caused by the antonymous relation and metaphor and metonym. Finally, noun is more stable than adjectives and verbs and the conceptualization process of the compounds ends up being nouns

SUIT: Learning Significance-guided Information for 3D Temporal Detection

3D object detection from LiDAR point cloud is of critical importance for autonomous driving and robotics. While sequential point cloud has the potential to enhance 3D perception through temporal information, utilizing these temporal features effectively and efficiently remains a challenging problem. Based on the observation that the foreground information is sparsely distributed in LiDAR scenes, we believe sufficient knowledge can be provided by sparse format rather than dense maps. To this end, we propose to learn Significance-gUided Information for 3D Temporal detection (SUIT), which simplifies temporal information as sparse features for information fusion across frames. Specifically, we first introduce a significant sampling mechanism that extracts information-rich yet sparse features based on predicted object centroids. On top of that, we present an explicit geometric transformation learning technique, which learns the object-centric transformations among sparse features across frames. We evaluate our method on large-scale nuScenes and Waymo dataset, where our SUIT not only significantly reduces the memory and computation cost of temporal fusion, but also performs well over the state-of-the-art baselines.Comment: Accepted to IROS 202

Consecutive Inertia Drift of Autonomous RC Car via Primitive-based Planning and Data-driven Control

Inertia drift is an aggressive transitional driving maneuver, which is challenging due to the high nonlinearity of the system and the stringent requirement on control and planning performance. This paper presents a solution for the consecutive inertia drift of an autonomous RC car based on primitive-based planning and data-driven control. The planner generates complex paths via the concatenation of path segments called primitives, and the controller eases the burden on feedback by interpolating between multiple real trajectories with different initial conditions into one near-feasible reference trajectory. The proposed strategy is capable of drifting through various paths containing consecutive turns, which is validated in both simulation and reality.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, to appear to IROS 202

Should chronic hepatitis B mothers breastfeed? a meta analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exists in the breast milk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) mothers. The authors use a meta-analytic technique to quantify the evidence of an association between breastfeeding and risk of CHB infection among the infants vaccinated against HBV.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Literature search is performed up to 2010 on the relationship between infantile CHB infection within one-year follow up after immunization with the third-dose hepatitis B vaccine and breastfeeding. Two reviewers independently extract the data and evaluate the methodological quality. A random-effects model is employed to systematically combine the results of all included studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on data from 32 studies, 4.32% (244/5650) of infants born of CHB mothers develop CHB infection. The difference in risk of the infection between breastfed and formula-fed infants (RD) is -0.8%, (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.6%, 0.1%). Analysis of the data from 16 of the studies finds that RD for mothers who are positive for the HBeAg and/or the HBV DNA, 0.7% (95%CI: -2.0%, 3.5%), is similar to that for those who are negative for these infectivity markers, -0.5% (95%CI: -1.7%, 0.6%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Breast milk is infectious; yet, breastfeeding, even by mothers with high infectivity, is not associated with demonstrable risk of infantile CHB infection, provided that the infants have been vaccinated against HBV at birth.</p

Geochemical evidence for in situ accumulation of tight gas in the Xujiahe Formation coal measures in the central Sichuan Basin, China

The study of accumulation mechanisms of tight gas has attracted much attention in recent years. One of the focuses is whether natural gas can migrate on a large scale in tight reservoirs. In this work, geochemical parameters (such as C1/C1+, C1/(C2+ C3), C1+, δ13C1, δ13C2, iC4/nC4, iC5/nC5) of the tight gas reservoirs in the central Sichuan Basin, China have been studied to characterize the accumulation mechanisms in these fields. Results show that the tight gas accumulation in the Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan is in situ, and natural gas has not experienced large-scale migration. In gases from the central Sichuan Basin, δ13C1 ranges from −44.1‰ to −37.1‰ with an average of −40.1‰, and C1/C1+ ranges from 0.80 to 0.97 with an average of 0.91. While in the gases from the western Sichuan Basin, δ13C1 is between −35.5‰ and − 30‰ with an average of −32.2‰, and C1/C1+ ranges from 0.95to 0.99with an average of 0.98. Based on geochemical indicators of natural gas, the gases of Xujiahe Formation in the Central Sichuan Basin originated from the local coal measures of the Xujiahe Formation in horizontal direction with little contribution from the western Sichuan. In central Sichuan Basin, there is also no horizontal migration of natural gas in the same formation between adjacent gas fields. Vertically, the Xujiahe Formation is an independent gas generating system and has no relationship with the underlying Mid-Lower Triassic formations and the Jurassic natural gas formation above it. The δ13C2of Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan ranges from −28.3‰ to −25.9‰, with an average of −27.5‰. However, the δ13C2 of Lower Jurassic above Xujiahe Formation ranges from −36.8‰ to −30.5‰, with an average of −33.0‰. Under the Xujiahe Formation, the δ13C2 in Leikoupo Formation ranges from −35.5‰ to −32.1‰, with an average of −33.1‰, and in Jialingjiang Formation ranges from −34.6‰ to −33.2‰, with an average of −33.8‰. There is also a clear distinction in the geochemical characteristics of natural gas between the upper and lower gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation, indicating that there is no obvious vertical migration of natural gas. Geochemical evidence shows that there is no large-scale gas migration in the Xujiahe Formation. The tight gas is generated in situ and accumulated in the formation in the central Sichuan Basin